which of the following statements accurately describes viruses?

After soaking in the yellow iodine-water solution for one hour, the cell is once again weighed. a. O The envelope helps protect viruses exposed to heat and/or detergents. a. Toxoplasma gondii the virus is able to transform into a host cell. d. Typically just a piece of genetic material encased in proteins, viruses are small, non-cellular infectious agents that are only capable of reproducing when inside a living cell such as those of plants, animals, fungi, protozoans, or bacteria. Which one of the following statements best describes the role of B cells and T cells in the human body? a. water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2) The nuclear envelope consists of two concentric phospholipid bilayers while the plasma membrane is only one phospholipid bilayer. Which of the following statements accurately describes the natural history of a disease? b. A. Oxygenated blood is taken to the heart, from the lungs into the left atrium via the pulmonary arteries B. Oxygenated blood is taken to the heart, from the lungs into the right atrium via the pulmonary veins What is the current trend in the worldwide mental health disease burden? c. the expression of MHC class I and class II molecules Question: Which of the following statements accurately describes a viral envelope? b) retroviruses Certain pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and drugs - Injection (Intramuscular), As shown in the figure, every organism in the Lake Michigan food chain has some DDT in their body tissues at concentrations higher than in the environment due to b. DNA-dependent DNA polymerase; influenza virus c. Immune responses against S. pneumoniae are serotype-specific and protect only against strains that possess the same capsular polysaccharide antigens. Oil-soluble types - These substances need a carrier molecule to move through the environment, but once they are inside cells they likely accumulate and persist. c. converts sunlight into chemical energy. d) They have little effect on plant growth. a) interference with viral replication Chytridiomycosis (or chytrid fungus) is an ecological disease that affects amphibians and is ______. a worldwide (or very widespread) epidemic. However, that does not imply that low doses of any toxin is good for health. the host cell is turned into a virus. The possibility of suffering harm or loss resulting from a given action is referred to as ______. b. polysaccharides, large protein molecules, low-density lipoprotein particles c. CD40 ligand; produce GM-CSF - Chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes are increasing and spreading to poorer populations. c. bacteria and yeast a. osmosis Match the term with its correct definition. 5. a. a) Vertical transmission is transmission of a virus from a parent plant to its progeny, and horizontal transmission is one plant spreading the virus to another plant. Which of the following accurately describes HIV? c. fall below 1000 cells/l Question 4 120 seconds Q. So, the water osmosed across the plasma membranes into the radish cells decreasing the turgor pressure inside of the cells. This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypertonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypotonic. c. it gave the pilgrims their own charter. The tertiary structure consists of eight beta-strands connected by -helices (known as the globin fold) Hemoglobin is a tetramer composed of two different types of globin subunits, each of which has an O 2 binding site Immune responses against S. pneumoniae are serotype-specific and protect only against strains that possess the same capsular polysaccharide antigens. Can you add thermal energy to an object without increasing its temperature? What is a probability calculation and how is it used in risk assessment? stable chemicals are resistant to degradation and can cause problems long after application and far from the sites where they were originally used. The estrogen-like compound that acts as a substitute hormone and disrupts gene expression, as shown in the image, is a(n) ______. Bisphenol A (BPA) - Used to produce plastic-coated items such as linings of cans and bottles, tooth-protecting sealants, and water pipes. a) bacteriophages The pattern of mental and physical defects that can develop in a fetus in association with high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is called _________________ ______________________ syndrome. b. Antigenic shift; antigenic drift 13-5 All of the following are associated with the ability of influenza virus to escape from immunity except _____. Why do these antibiotics not work to kill viruses and cure people of viral infections? d) Viruses do not represent a single taxonomic group. d. RAG1 or RAG2 - The chemical agent is water-soluble. d. MHC class I O The presence of an envelope influences viral entry and exit strategies. Which of the following help increase the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane? b) They can be controlled by the use of antibiotics. the selective absorption and storage of a great variety of molecules inside cells at levels that are higher than the environment. b) Formation of the provirus would be stopped. They bind to MHC class I molecules and T-cell receptors. Which of the following is an example of a synergistic effect? a) They can be spread via the plasmodesmata. Match the following causes of death with the lifetime chance of dying that way in the United States. a. exocytosis They bind to MHC class I molecules and T-cell receptors. Key points: A virus is an infectious particle that reproduces by "commandeering" a host cell and using its machinery to make more viruses. C. Applying an external force to an enclosed volume of air will allow the air to expand and the volume to decrease. c. The radish cells were hypertonic to the water in which they were soaking. Biomagnification, in the case of a fish-eating osprey, refers to the fact that the ______. b. nonspecific activation of 2-20% of body's CD8 T cells You know that the enzymes needed to perform photosynthesis in plant cells are closely associated with the membranes in chloroplasts. c. receptor-mediated endocytosis. 13-80 Reverse transcriptase is a _____ encoded by _____. Viruses are very diverse. There is evidence that elephants communicate via infrasound, generating rumbling vocalizations as low as 14 Hz that can travel up to 10 km. a. a virus-encoded Fc receptor Cancer The Zika virus is most commonly transmitted by. Where is the most likely place that enzymes needed for cellular respiration are anchored and functioning? So, excluding these clients from both years, we would have recorded revenue growth of 7% in 2022.". 13-34 Which of the following explains why Streptococcus pneumoniae can infect an individual recurrently? Match each of the potential toxins listed below to their most likely routes of exposure. A majority of the MRSA (methicillan-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infections recorded in 2011 were related to ______. e. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; HIV. b. sorts proteins and lipids and sends them to their final destination. a. HIV variants convert from macrophage-tropic to lymphocyte-tropic late in infection - Our focus on reducing pollution to protect human health has neglected risks to natural ecological systems that may be of greater ultimate importance. a. CD40 ligand 13-25 Deficiencies in complement components C5-C9 and properdin (factor P) are associated with _____. d. The host cell must provide the transcriptional and translational machinery in order for RNA and protein products to be made from proviruses. This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypertonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypotonic. However, a huge health scare in Flint, Michigan, occurred in 2016 when children were exposed to lead through ______. They are slippery, heat-resistant, and durable. True or false: All species have approximately the same reaction to a specific compound. Please describe the competing . d. superantigens 13-12 Shingles is associated with infection by _____. c. the IFN- receptor PFCs are persistent chemicals, so they are ______. c. nucleic acids. b. Staphylococcus aureus Proviruses form immediately after the RNA genome assembles with viral proteins and infectious irons are produced, 13-68 The pol gene of HIV produces all of the following except _____. a. Streptococcus pneumoniae 13-3 A primary immune response against influenza virus produces antibodies that bind to _____. a. d. d. eukaryotic cells . d) Vertical transmission is the spread of viruses from trees and tall plants to bushes and other smaller plants, and horizontal transmission is the spread of viruses among plants of similar size. If you already knew that the infectious agent was a prion, select all the treatments that would allow you to distinguish this? a. CD18; produce cell adhesion molecules In this paper, the experimental modes of a large-scale photoelectric theodolite tracking frame are presented. b) Viruses can replicate independently of their cellular hosts. Which of the following are true about the effects of exposure to carcinogens? The radish cells were hypertonic to the water in which they were soaking. b. channel proteins d. Liposomes form from phospholipid bilayers and provide a barrier between an external environment and an internal environment; this creates an internal environment where specific chemical reactions needed to establish a living cell can occur separately from the external environment. - LD50 is the dose of the toxin that is lethal to half the population. The two strands of DNA separate and serves as a template, and the daughter molecule will have a mix of an old and new strand. The odds of being involved in a car accident are about 1 in 100 while the odds of being involved in an airplane accident are about 1 in 5,000. Treat the sample with proteases that digest all proteins and then determine whether it is still infectious. c) Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses b. the IL-12 receptor We perceive risk differently, depending on control, interests, or context. c. prokaryotic cells . Fetal alcohol syndrome is a pattern of mental and physical defects that can develop in a fetus when a mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. Correct answers: 2 question: 7. which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding the mayflower compact? b. produces the energy needed to run chemical reactions in the cell. Antiviral drugs that have become useful are usually associated with which of the following properties? d. massive production of IL-2, IFN-, and TNF- Culture the substance by itself on nutritive medium, away from any plant cells. Dog attacks. They contain a protein coat called a capsid. c. lymphoproliferative syndrome caused by deficiency of SH2D1A c. secondary immunodeficiency diseases anti-HIV antibodies are detectable in their blood serum. In 1973, the FDA required that cancer-causing compounds must not be present in meat at concentrations that would cause a cancer risk greater than 1 in a million lifetimes. The water will mostly move from side "B" to side "A" because the water concentration is higher on side "B." C) A person with an illness cannot be considered healthy. The products are arranged under different categories like . They are only capable of reproducing once inside a living host cell. On the basis of the experimental data and the gradient-less optimization approach, the modeling strategy and the parameterized equivalent dynamic finite element model are presented. b. T cells; CD4 Q: Discuss the following statement: "Viruses exist in the twilight zone of life: outside cells they are. b. fall below the CD8 T-cell count d. Every living organism is composed of one or more cells, and all living cells arise from preexisting cells. d) ability to remove all viruses from the infected host. c. matrix protein Today health agencies calculate DALYs rather than mortality rates as a measure of disease burden because ______. Determine the average shear stress on the wetted perimeter of this channel. e) Viruses can replicate independently of their cellular hosts. d. pinocytosis. 13-48 Individuals with an immunodeficiency affecting B-cell function are more susceptible to infections caused by which of the following pathogens? c) They are rarely spread by insects. is an emerging discipline that seeks to understand how environmental changes threaten our health and the environment itself. Urban flooding has become one of the most common natural hazards threatening people's lives and assets globally due to climate change and rapid urbanization. Affected individuals are less susceptible to infection. III. Pollution - Noise Dialysis tubing is a selectively permeable membrane that can be filled with a solution to simulate a cell. The majority of the SMC is . So, the water osmosed across the plasma membranes out of the radish cells decreasing the turgor pressure inside of the cells and making them crunchier. a) enter a replicative cycle that does not kill the host cell. Match each of the following factors to how it influences whether a particular chemical will prove to be dangerous. A screen door allows breezes to enter and aromas to exit but keeps out insects. b. it founded the plymouth colony under a proprietary governor. 6. B. d. neurons; MHC class I The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. One important way to control the spread of viruses in through answer choices the use of vaccines drinking a lot of tea c) membrane Students use a microscope to look for structures present in four different cells. c. They do not readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer; therefore, they must move across by facilitated diffusion. a. integrase b. X-linked hyper IgM syndrome You place a small drop of the blood on a slide, add a drop of strong saline (salt) solution, and then cover all of it with a coverslip. a. they are recycled by endocytosis more quickly than the normal receptor no longer just for the wealthy, as they are now becoming common in the developing world. Which of the following is not a concern of environmental toxicology? Some antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections kill the bacteria by chemically punching holes in the cell wall of the bacteria, by preventing the bacteria from replicating their DNA, or by many other actions that ultimately cause cell death. These special proteins tell the white blood cells those bacterial cells do not belong to that particular human and to phagocytize (eat) them. d. Certain solutes move freely across the membrane by simple diffusion while others must be helped across by active or passive transport proteins; some substances are completely excluded from crossing the membrane. The saline you used was isotonic to the RBCs; this resulted in water osmosing through the RBC plasma membrane into and out of the cells at an equal rate. d. They do not readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer; therefore, the only way they can move into the cell is by endocytosis. Match the examples to chronic or acute effects and exposures. 13-44 Listeria monocytogenes replicates in _____ of macrophages after _____. Neurotoxins are poisons that affect us by ______. b) Vertical transmission is the transfer of DNA from one type of plant virus to another, and horizontal transmission is the exchange of DNA between two plant viruses of the same type. 13-52 _____ participates in the T-cell cytoskeletal reorganization required for T-cell cytokine production and cell-mediated interactions. Which of the statements below accurately captures the relationship between toxicity and potency? a) III c. latency c. X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome a. transcriptional regulators of HLA class II loci error prone replication of its DNA genome. D. HIV can pass easily from one person to the next through casual contact. New York State coalition hepatitis C consensus statement leads to governor's action. Asbestos exposure and smoking each increase lung cancer rates 20-fold. 13-20 Dominant mutant forms of IFNR1 exhibit all of the following in heterozygotes except _____. A virus must use its host-cell processes to replicate. b) IV - Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are on the decline globally. c. herpes zoster The standard GNSS-IR model typically considers soil to be a single layer of medium and measures the average SMC between 1 and 10 cm below the soil surface. Choose the following statement that most accurately describes viruses. b. diffusion. Which of these sentences properly describes the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification? Show transcribed image text b. a virus-encoded complement receptor 13-53 Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a condition resulting in chronic bacterial and fungal infections, is caused by one or more defects in _____, compromising the ability of macrophages to _____. A Pre-Audited Token Launchpad on the Binance Smart Chain (BSC). b. NADPH oxidase; produce superoxide radical (-) c. TAP1 or TAP2 The two strands of DNA separate, and a single new strand is synthesized using the existing strand as a template. e. Janus 3 kinase (Jak3) This problem has been solved! White-nose syndrome is a fungal disease that is devastating bat populations, causing mortality of 90 percent or more in infected colonies. Chemicals are generally divided into oil-soluble and water-soluble types. Car accidents and firearm assaults - These have risks between 1 in 103 to 1 in 285 a. the cytosol. They are often harmful even in extremely dilute concentrations e. they are unable to transduce signals when bound to the normal form. b. impenetrable The bacterial phage lambda can infect some bacteria and b. sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids b. receptor proteins What is this speed in meters per second? O The presence of an envelope influences viral entry and exit strategies. d. I would expect to find the photosynthetic enzymes associated with the ER of the bacteria. c. diffusion proteins d. Transport proteins, channel proteins, and passive carrier proteins all help increase the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane. d. sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids, a. water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2). Each factor listed below plays a role in determining environmental toxicity. Setting environmental health policy is challenging because ______. - misunderstanding probabilities about harm from a hazard Examine the figure below. - suggests a "better safe than sorry" approach of social responsibility to protect the public from harm in the face of scientific uncertainty Though categorizing toxins based on potency is useful, it is complicated by differences in individual and species reactions to particular chemicals. a) They can be spread via the plasmodesmata. - People tolerate familiar risks, despite the high probability of harm, because they often downplay the risk associated with familiar activities. question 2 5 out of 5 points which statement accurately describes capitalism? ; Patriot Platinum Travel Medical Insurance SM . b. X-linked hyper IgM syndrome: GM-CSF injections O Enveloped viruses do not have protein spikes. In which leaf tissues would you expect to find the highest density of chloroplasts? Where in the bacteria would you expect to find the enzymes needed to perform photosynthesis? "Approximately 88% of our 2022 revenue came from technology-enabled business solutions. Contrast the methods used by the Greek philosophers and Dalton to study the - personal ignorance about the hazard Dicamba - Used as an herbicide; a plant hormone d. Pandemics; epidemics. a) the proteins on the viral surface and that of the host cell membrane a) co-infection with an unrelated virus that causes the same symptoms - Different sensitivities among those exposed to the toxins c. hereditary angioedema a. neuraminidase I. Which of the following statement accurately characterize prediabetes? How would the affect the HIV infection cycle? If you already knew that the infectious agent was either bacterial or viral, select all the treatments that would allow you to distinguish between these two possibilities. The saline you used was hypotonic to the RBCs; this resulted in water osmosing through the RBC plasma membrane mostly into the cells. Q. * A. We assert that combining expertise . You have four methods at your disposal that you can use to analyze the substance in order to determine the nature of the infectious agent. b. sorts proteins and lipids and sends them to their final destination. - Endocrine disrupters may cause feminization of males. The dose-response curve shown here describes which of these ideas? 13-9 Which of the following statements regarding herpes simplex virus is false? b. Which of the following statements most accurately describes a selectively permeable membrane? Which of the following statements are true about how people apply probability in determining how much risk to accept and when to avoid exposure to certain risks? Reference: ref 1 b. f. CD40 ligand. 5. Which of the following characterizes Chytridiomycosis? c. a mitochondrion. The measles virus causes mouth and gum infections. a. This cell is weighed and then placed in a beaker of 3 percent iodine dissolved in water. b. polysaccharides If each sugar molecule represents a percentage point of sugar dissolved in the solution, what change would you expect to see in the solution level over time and why? e. All of the choices are correct. You isolate an infectious substance that is capable of causing disease in plants, but you do not know whether the infectious agent is a bacterium, virus, or prion. The ________________ principle is being used to regulate toxins by requiring manufacturers to prove that substances are safe rather than requiring regulators to show that they are dangerous. The measles virus causes pancreas and liver infections. Which of the following statements correctly identify reasons why the debate currently surrounds regulating endocrine disrupters? d. RAG-1 or RAG-2 a. c. Cold sores develop as a consequence of CD8 T-cell killing. osprey accumulates compounds stored by all prey lower in the food chain. b. chronic granulomatous disease A mutation in the gene encoding the integrase enzyme (the protein that inserts the dsDNA into a host cell's DNA) renders the protein non-functional. a - Some of the population responds, even at zero dose of the toxin, suggesting that some other factor in the environment also causes this response Which of the following statements explain why your evil roommate may have flare-ups for the rest of their life? a. epidermis 13-11 Herpesviruses include all of the following except _____. . Over time, the students sitting in the far corner of the room would smell the perfume. An amoeba, a protozoan that moves by pseudopodia, approaches a smaller protozoan and extends its pseudopodia (extensions of cytoplasm in plasma membrane) around the smaller protozoan. a. impermeable Bacteria are much larger than viruses, and t View the full answer Transcribed image text: How can a single sheet of Polaroid film be used to show that the sky is partially polarized? The field that specifically deals with the interactions, transformation, fate, and effects of natural and synthetic chemicals in the biosphere, including individual organisms, populations, and whole ecosystems is ______. b) IV c) re-infection by a closely related herpesvirus of a different strain e. X-linked Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Which of the following can be used to accurately describe viruses? Potential harm to other species or entire ecological systems. a. Larger fish eat smaller fish What general type of membrane are you observing? Match the dietary consideration to its positive influence on a particular health condition. The envelope helps protect viruses exposed to heat and/or detergents. T-cell-dependent antibody responses; cell-mediated immune responses. b. On a biological level, the main difference is that bacteria are free-living cells that can live inside or outside a body, while viruses are a non-living collection of molecules that need a host to survive. 5. II. b. hemagglutinin - do not damage or kill living organisms by reacting with cellular components to disrupt metabolic functions Increased frequency:increased depth of penetration B. a. However, some sugar molecules are too large to pass through the membrane either way without the assistance of passive transport proteins. e. activate : T cells One important way to control the spread of viruses is through a. the use of vaccines. Explanation :-:virus are acellular. If each sugar molecule represents a percentage point of sugar dissolved in the solution, what change would you expect to see in the solution level over time and why? The Office of Justice Services (OJS), within the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), is searching for an individual to serve as a Victim Assistance Program Manager. Which of the following statements accurately describes plant virus infections? No color change in the beaker tells us that the starch was too large to cross the membrane from the cell and into the beaker. a. osmosis. Pesticide residue on food - Ingestion (gastrointestinal tract) Asbestos workers who smoke, however, have a 400-fold increase in cancer rates. Previous infection with S. pneumoniae wears down the immune system over time. The dose-response curve showing LD50, as provided here, describes which of the following ideas? Which of the following is a reasonable and possible explanation of the experimental results? c. CD28 a. 13-39 _____ cause(s) mild and limited disease, whereas _____ cause(s) more severe disease and higher mortality. ", lethal dose of a chemical for half of the population. a. Antigenic drift; antigenic shift BIO182 Chapter 19 MasteringBiology Homework, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. - Members of a population vary in sensitivity to a toxin. Our 2021 revenue of $139.6 million would have been $118.1 million excluding these clients, and our 2022 revenue without these clients was $126.7 million. Of the many factors that determine whether a particular chemical will prove to be dangerous, which of the following are based on the nature of the chemical agent itself? a. plasma membrane. True or false: Wind turbine syndrome is considered a psychogenic condition because people who are opposed to wind turbines often claim that noise and shadow flicker caused by moving turbines make them sick even though there is no medical evidence for cause and effect. a. gene conversion c. They must make sure the results were not an accident and that they are repeatable.

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