On the Hawaiian island of Kauai, Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan now own only over two square miles of pristine land. "Only from the military," Bruce Robinson replied. Hawaii Marine Animal Response. 2019 - 13 THINGS LTD. All rights reserved. So the people of Hawai'i Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian owe a great debt of gratitude to the people of Ni'ihau," Senator Hee said. Taxes on the island have taken much of the profits from the Robinsons' interests in agricultural companies.[7]. King Kamehameha IV had actually offered Sinclair better real estate, which included an area from downtown Honolulu to Diamond Head in Waikiki, but Sinclair saw the island as a lush alternative for her large family since they had relocated from New Zealand. In 1883, her grandsons Aubrey Robinson and Francis Gay formed Gay and Robinson, still a major sugar producer. Today, only part-time work is offered to a few with local tourism and a small U.S. Navy installation. A group of Niihauan villagers in 1885, taken by Francis Sinclair, son of Elizabeth Sinclair. Both snorkel tours combine Niihau with Kauais Na Pali Coast and range from $250 to $285 per person for a seven-hour excursion. The most notable is the Hawaiian monk seal, which is considered the most endangered of all the worlds seals. Half-day tours run for $630 per person with a minimum of five people per tour, but chartered excursions are available for a flat rate of $3,150. CORRECTION: This was updated to show that missionaries came to Hawaii decades (not centuries, as previously stated) before Niihau was purchased. The Robinsons refused to go along with the study, fearing that under the 1995 Hawaii Supreme Court PASH decision, militant native Hawaiians would claim a right to visit any cultural artifacts that are found and destroy their island's isolation. Accounts vary on exactly when Niihau became the Forbidden Island. By one account, Sinclair descendant Aubrey Robinson stopped outsiders, including relatives of native Niihauans, from reaching the island in 1915. Also known as Alex Bruce Robinson, B A Robinson, B A Alrobinson. The task of policing the coming and going of islanders, among other things, has fallen to Bruce Robinsons wife, Leiana Robinson. Its sandy beaches see more wildlife than human footprints. See Photos. Elderlies are the main thing in life.". Totally bilingual, the children switch effortlessly back and forth from Hawaiian to English. Boating and snorkelling companies have been sneaking tourists within peeking distance of the shores to catch a stolen glimpse of the native Polynesian boar and feral sheep, but setting foot ashore would have hefty legal consequences. Niihau has since taken up a relationship with the U.S. military, which actually began in World War II when a Japanese fighter pilot crash-landed on the island only to be killed by the Niihauans. These tours are exclusive (and pricey) because maintaining privacy and seclusion from the outside world for Niihau residents remains the highest priority. One might think that this isolation and stringent lifestyle would breed a reclusive nation. The fleeting taster-visit lands for a few hours on the islands pristine northernmost beach, but visitors will have no contact with the village. March 1996: However, a visit wont come without a hefty price tag and certainly more than a few restrictions. Its beautiful there.". "Island History: Aylmer Robinson, legendary owner of the 'Forbidden Island', "The Robinson family and native Hawaiians are turning to the military and tourism for income", "Hawaii's Forbidden Island and the Real-Life Swiss Family Robinson who Controls it", "Hawaii Plantsman Confounds Greenies; Keith Robinson has a green thumb with endangered plants and a belief that the 'green' tactics used by the environmental establishment are a total waste of time", "Hawaii's rare breeds: after decades of solitary effort to save Hawaii's rarest plants, one man halts his efforts in response to government-environmentalist attacks private property rights", https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1s13/sinclair-elizabeth, http://www.thegardenisland.com/2016/01/24/lifestyles/niihau-manager-francis-sinclair/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keith_Robinson_(environmentalist)&oldid=1129880151, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 15:19. The Niihauans who remain on the island today live mostly as their Native Hawaiian ancestors did, with hunting and fishing taking up the majority of their days. The 2011 report lists Aylmer Robinson as the owner of Niihau, although he left it to his brother's family when he died in 1967, and nephews Bruce and Keith Robinson assumed control several years before the death of their mother, Helen, in 2002. Niihau boasts some of the wildest and remotest dive sites in the world, home to reek sharks, monk seals and sea turtles. "Life is good over there," he told HuffPost. Bruce Robinson declined to be interviewed for this article; Keith Robinson is willing to talk, at length -- but only about the fact that he is now personally clearing 50 to 100 acres on Kauai with . Within a few years, more than two-thirds of the population had moved away. Situated approximately 18 miles northwest of Kauai, Niihau extends 5 miles and has been privately . A second Native Hawaiian man also convicted of a hate crime for the 2014 attack was expected to be sentenced later Thursday in a case that reflects Hawaii's nuanced and complicated relationship with race. But for Ni'ihau, the Hawaiian language may well have perished into extinction. Guns and alcohol were and are prohibited, and according to a former resident, men arent allowed to grow long hair or wear earrings. Take a look at the multimillion-dollar estates on Hawaii where the tech elite take vacation. "People leave the island all the time," Peter T. Young, Hawaii's former Department of Land and Natural Resources director and Hawaii historian, told HuffPost. Although booking a boat tour is the most affordable option, it wont get you to the island itself. The 2010 census listed its population at 170, but since the Robinsons are not required to submit population estimates, the current number of permanent residents are unknown. He was born in Mechanicsburg, PA, son of the late Diane Guinaugh R The Robinsons, accompanied by several other Ni'ihau residents, shared videos and pictures with lawmakers and state officials showing people fishing and picking 'opihi along their shoreline. Bruce and his wife, Sophie, have two children - Lily (born 1987) and Willoughby (born 1994). "Ni'ihau is a visual living reminder of our culture. A Native Hawaiian man was sentenced to more than six years in prison Thursday for the hate crime beating of a white man who tried to move into his remote, traditional fishing village. '', (The Niihau Cultural Heritage Foundation reports that Kamehameha IV agreed to sell the land, but died in 1863. The unsuspecting inhabitants, cut off from the outside world, gave him food and shelter and even threw a party for the pilot. This unspoiled ecosystem is a haven for many of the states endangered or vulnerable species, while the islands residents contribute to preserving the Hawaiian language and culture with their dedication to living the lifestyle of their ancestors. 1. Now, an old man here is in his 60s," Robinson said. But the day may come when Hawaiians are not as strong in Hawaii as they are now. Scattering of ashes 1:30 p.m. Sunday (Feb. 19) at Hookena Beach in South Kona. Bruce Robinson is an English director, screenwriter, novelist and actor. Lived In Compton CA, Seattle WA, Old Westbury NY, Everett WA. For Bruce Robinson -- who's married to a Niihauan woman -- maintaining Niihau's unique culture and way of life is a priority. When Niihau was purchased by the Sinclair family in the 1860s, the islands inhabitants -- known as Niihauans -- were allowed to stay, but access to the island by outsiders (including anyone from another Hawaiian island) was restricted. The bulk of Niihau is restricted to its 70 full-time residents and their families or to those who received a coveted invitation from the family who has owned the 69-square-mile island since 1864. Notice to Creditors of the Estate and Trust of Bruce D. Robinson, aka Bruce Douglas Robinson, Deceased. "Over a hundred years ago, a king asked our family to take care of the people. Bruce Robinson and two expert Hawaiian trackers are training a group of other Niihau men in tracking skills during the all-night exercises. With 363,000 acres, Kamehameha Schools is the biggest landowner. Her husband, Bruce Robinson, the island's owner, stood behind her. You are also agreeing to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Most recently, the island has been a regular training area for every kind of special operations unit, from Marine sniper teams, Army Special Forces and Navy SEALs to Air Force pilots training in escape and evasion tactics. Contributor: Larry Pauly (49188329) The ranch trucks use a Jeep trail as a major highway. There are, however, a few sanctioned ways to see Niihau. . ", The perceived mystery of life on the "Forbidden Island" has generated speculation over the years, but Bruce Robinson told ABC News that, "While it is an ancient type of culture, they're a very modern type of people. He has his own recording studio called Premium Sound Studios in Austin, Texas. "Where's the rain going to come from?" The Hawaiian was subsequently awarded a Congressional Medal and Purple Heart and the story now the subject of a 2019 movie, Enemy Within. They know all about it. Bruce Robinson estimated the pig population at about 6,000. Neoplasm Medicine and Dentistry 91%. Feral pigs and sheep can cause extreme damage to the environment through wallowing and rooting. We maintain the island for the people and continue to work it as he had.. Bruce Robinson's childhood, in Broadstairs, Kent, inspired his remarkable 1998 novel The Peculiar Memories of Thomas Penman. For five generations, every man in Niihau's small native Hawaiian community could depend on full employment on the ranch and believed all of their babies (the boys at least) would grow up to be cowboys. And I feel that if you can write like you write, then you are true to yourself. The two large lakes on the island hold water only in years of heavy rain. Niihau has limited access and is only accessible by invitation, which means you can visit if a Niihau resident or a Robinson family member invites you. Lester Beauclerk Robinson (1901-1969) was the great-grandson of Eliza McHutcheson Sinclair, who'd purchased the island of Niihau from Kamehameha V in the names of her two sons, Francis and James . Daniel Rennie is a freelance writer residing in Melbourne, Australia. Bruce Robinson's Niihauan wife, Leiana, and her parents appear to receive a deference reserved for alii, but so, too, do the teachers at the Niihau School. Relatives: Bruce Robinson, Shelby Robinson, Brandi Stouder, Carol Robinson, James Robinson, Kawanda Robinson, Laterrance Robinson . In fact, the islands population is known to fluctuate pretty dramatically during the summer months when school is out, and families go off-island to travel and visit loved ones. The Robinsons refused to go along with the study, fearing that under the 1995 Hawaii Supreme Court PASH decision, militant native Hawaiians would claim a right to visit any cultural . Bruce Robinson creates magic from a simple material - plywood. Bringing alcohol, tobacco, or guns onto the island is strictly forbidden and risks eviction, and in the past, the family has required all residents to attend church on Sundays. Life. "We maintain the island for the people and continue to work it as he had.". Robinson was born c. 1941 to Lester Beauclerk Robinson (19011969) and Helen Matthew Robinson (19102002). Please enter your email address. Just a hop across the water from Kawaii, with civilization as-we-know-it thriving on its sister islands, Niihau has against all the odds, retained its hard-core, bygone charm of Hawaii circa 1864. But the day may come . When John Malone amassed 2.2 million acres of private land in 2011 in Sampson Cay, The Bahamas, he overtook Ted Turner as the largest private land owner in the United States. ALS is no exception. asked Galuteria, before adding "We're not trying to target the entire commercial fishing industry. Technology for the DEW [Distant Early Warning] Line was developed secretly [during the Cold War era] on Niihaua.. 40 . Their modern-day ark, The Bessie, was stocked with everything a family navigating continents and heading for a deserted island could possibly require: a handful of sheep, cows, hay, grain, some chickens, books, clothing and the aforementioned grand piano. As under their predecessors, the Robinsons have kept Niihau largely closed to outside visitors, though a few hunters and other tourists are admitted each yearbut with limited or no contact with the islanders. This limited edition print is for my fellow people. Keith Robinson is an American environmentalist who is the co-owner of Niihau,[1] the second-smallest of the eight principal Hawaiian Islands. When that day comes, please do what you can to help them.. When Elizabeth Sinclair and her family arrived on the shores of Niihau, some 1000 native Hawaiians were living there under the rule of King Kamehameha I, who sold their island to the white newcomers. Niihau: Hawaiis Forbidden Island Without Paved Roads, Plumbing, Or Police. "In the interim, please have respect for the desires and the needs of the people of Ni'ihau because they're such a unique part of Hawaiian culture," Aila said, before adding, "It's a unique situation and we want people to understand how unique it is and why it calls for special attention.". Alcohol and guns are not allowed on the island and, according to the New York Times, anyone caught breaking the rules can be evicted. We're asking for all the help we can get to stop it," Robinson said. There, native species can live and thrive undisturbed by crowds and infrastructure, much like they did before the arrival of Europeans to Hawaiian shores in the late 1770s. "They don't look any different, they don't act any different," they just "have the opportunity to live in a place that the rest of us have a very limited opportunity to see. There are an estimated 70 permanent residents on the island, although that number fluctuates as Niihauans move away or return to the islands. Records show that his brother, Kamehameha V, completed the transaction on January 23, 1864.). Works at Self-Employed. Born in Tulsa, Okla., he is also survived by sister Carmen and brother Anson. While it is an ancient type of culture, theyre a very modern type of people, Bruce Robinson said of the Niihauans. Robinson said the local trackers have refused the offer of night vision goggles because they have excellent night vision and the goggles just distract them. I'm sorry but we have every right to confiscate whatever you've got. The failure of the sugar industry in Hawaii, property taxes and other pressures have made them consider even leaving Hawaii entirely. Click here to find personal data about Bruce Robinson including phone numbers, addresses, directorships, electoral roll information, related property prices and other useful information. They're considering a buffer anywhere from half a mile to two miles out. See Photos. Generators provide the little electricity used in the homes in Puuwai, the islands largest settlement, while the schools electricity is derived from solar power, primarily so students can use computers. There are no cars, bars, or public transportation available. . It's been 30 years since the alcohol-fuelled 'Withnail and I' was released but despite . Niihau (Hawaiian: [niihw]), anglicized as Niihau (/ n i (i) h a / NEE-(ee-)how), is the westernmost main and seventh largest inhabited island in Hawaii.It is 17.5 miles (28.2 km) southwest of Kauai across the Kaulakahi Channel.Its area is 69.5 square miles (180 km 2). "People who can't get out to the cities. The average Niihauan will have never met a foreign tourist. Apart from exclusive tours, this living time capsule is closed to the public. Tours begin from Koloa, Kauai, and take participants across the often-rough Kaulakahi Channel to Lehua. This invite-only destination tantalizes travelers from across the globe due to its extreme exclusivity. Residents use solar panels for electricity and to heat their water. Because the Sinclairs abided by a strict Calvinist lifestyle, it follows that the island itself has many rules. While the physical state of each shell contributes the most to the price, the time-consuming work that goes into making the lei is a cost-effective process. One can either walk or ride a bicycle on Niihau. The Robinsons' tours help support Niihau, but purposely avoid contact with the locals and keep the island's village out of sight, in order to protect the Niihauans' privacy. When their father, Lester Robinson, died in October 1969, control of Niihau Ranch shifted to his widow, Helen, and his two sons, and they immediately found themselves at war with then-Gov. When that day comes, please do what you can to help them.''. Jan 2019 - Present4 years 2 months. The Niihau dialect is closer to the original Hawaiian language that predates the missionary arrivals to the islands, who altered the language while documenting it. The Hawaii State Government is a government in Hawaii. Kamehameha IV reportedly had one request for Sinclair: Niihau is yours. In most environmental groups or botanical gardens, the work is highly compartmentalized. They have turned down lucrative offers and fought attempts by the state to take it over. With an estimated net worth of $700 million, Jay Shidler is a Hawaii real estate mogul and one of the richest people in Hawaii. Bruce Robinson. Some of the pieces sell for thousands of dollars. Maui vs. Kauai: Which Hawaiian Island Is Right for You? The Navy, the Robinsons and the Niihauans want Niihau used both as a launch site for target missiles and to situate instruments to monitor the tests. "A promise to a king -- that's important. American environmentalist who is the co-owner of Niihau, Hawaiian island. "If we don't do something about it then we won't exist," said Leiana Robinson, Bruce's wife, who was born and raised on Ni'ihau. Kauai tour boats offer a tiny morsel of Niihau's pristine waters by offering day-long snorkel and dive trips to the Lehua Crater, a volcanic cone that sits north of Niihau island. 703 BRUCE ROBINSON, for a term to expire 06302025, begs leave to report as follows: Your Committee reviewed the personal history, resume, and His research has focused on identifying genetic changes which either predispose or directly cause endocrine tumours, and among other highlights has been the formation of an international consortium of families from around the world to study medullary thyroid carcinoma and phaeochromocytoma. About Bruce. Several intermittent playa lakes provide wetland habitats for the Hawaiian coot, the Hawaiian stilt, and the . Enter your email and Ill send you my latest stories. MSG. Welcome to controversial island of Niihau, also known as The Forbidden Isle, depending on who you speak to. Possibly related to: Donna P Robinson. In the decades that followed, the Robinsons battled to keep the island out of state control. Monk seals are one of the world's most endangered marine animals, with a total population of only 1,400 individuals. He now owns Sampson Cay in the Bahamas Exuma chain of islands. In 1984 at age 30, Robinson was a six-year minor league free agent looking for a new major league opportunity. Ben Cayetano to back off state objections to the use of Niihau as part of a major new Navy missile-testing program scheduled for the Pacific Missile Range Facility on Kauai. In an interview with the New York Times, Keith Robinson revealed the words that Kamehameha spoke as he signed the contract in 1864: ''Niihau is yours. The Robinsons vow to do all they can to preserve this native history. The Niihauans are proud that no serviceman has ever avoided capture. KAPALAWAI It's easy to imagine, when you look at . Quietly spoken, unassuming, browns and beige on the outside but inside seething . The few streams run only during storms. Dive into the research topics where Bruce Robinson is active. Even with an increase in military employment, the Robinsons say some limited new tourism activity is likely. Kaaumoana, for example, moved off the island in his mid-20s to find work on Kauai. 2) Jay Shidler. Find 1183 people named Bruce Robinson along with free Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok profiles on PeekYou - true people search. Bruce Robinson. Residents are also not allowed to talk about Niihau to the media and if they decide to leave the island for an extended period of time for any reason, they are considered outsiders and usually wont be able to return. They have radios and televisions hooked to VCRs and, according to Keith Robinson, "they all know who Dennis Rodman is.". Sheep ranching is dead. The only place it's left is on Ni'ihau, and that is being destroyed by all of the conflict that we're having over there now. "It's a feeling of inner peace and renewal that we don't understand in the outside world. 2) The Honolulu Strangler. You will receive mail with link to set new password. Rumour has it that it was considered a possible location for the United Nations headquarters by President Roosevelt and that at some point, the family was offered up to $1 billion from the US government for the island. Discover Bruce Robinson's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. Niihaus first great chief was Kahelelani, followed by Keo, and then Kaumualii, born in 1790. A vast majority of those seals live around uninhabited islets in the Hawaiian archipelago. The tours wont take tourists into the main village of Puuwai or interact with the locals in any way, but rather tours bring visitors to some of the islands most iconic beaches and landscapes for several hours at a time. "In the old days, we pick one end and then we pick the other. Web. Niihau is the only place in the world where Hawaiian is still the primary language; the island has its own unique dialect (Olelo Kanaka Niihau) spoken within the community that differs slightly from the traditional Hawaiian language (Olelo Hawaii). In 2005 a documentary on him was released titled Robinson Crusader. The company, known as Niihau Helicopters Inc., offers excursions with an aerial tour over Niihau before landing on one of the islands pristine beaches (the chosen beach may change depending on factors like wind conditions). The islands school installed a 10.4-kilowatt photovoltaic power system with battery storage in December 2007 so that students could learn computer skills, but Niihau still functions without internet access. The younger generations are also required to care for their elders. PO Box, APO/FPO, Africa, Alaska/Hawaii, Asia, Barbados, Bermuda, Canada, Central America and . Related To Imani-Yazid Robinson, Heather Robinson, Annette Robinson, Ryland Robinson. In 1987, the Robinsons began reluctantly offering half-day helicopter tours of the island at $440 a pop coincidentally, in the same helicopter that was featured in the original Jurassic Park, which was loaned to the film crew in 1993 as John Hammonds Ingen Chopper. Niihaus transition to the Forbidden Island began in 1864 when Scottish widower Elizabeth McHutchison Sinclair purchased the island from Hawaiian monarch, King Kamehameha IV, for $10,000 in gold, for ranching purposes. Since Burns' passing, the island's current co-owners, brothers Keith and Bruce Robinson, continue to argue with Hawaiian authorities over their efforts to maintain . Translate; Trending; Random; Home Director Bruce Robinson. And that's what the Robinson family hopes to market to gain income for the island. Robinson has been credited for keeping numerous Hawaiian plants from becoming extinct,[5] including Cyanea pinnatifida, which is considered extinct in the wild. Sometimes the population dips as low as 30 people. You get your plant scouts, your seed collectors, your nurserymen, and people on the grounds. In an interview with the New York Times, Keith Robinson revealed the words that Kamehameha spoke as he signed the contract in 1864: ''Niihau is yours. This is a very exclusive group of people going over to Ni'ihau. "You mean there's no work for these young guys?" wikipedia/Mike Orbito. Two companies offer boat and snorkel tours to Lehua Island, Holo Holo Charters and Blue Dolphin Charters. Robinson and his brother Bruce own the approximately 70-square-mile (180km2) island of Niihau in the Hawaiian island chain, which has been in the private possession of their family since their great-great-grandmother Elizabeth McHutchinson Sinclair (18001892) purchased it from King Kamehameha V for US$10,000 in gold. But the day may come when Hawaiians are not as strong in Hawaii as they are now. There are no cars, no stores, no paved roads, no indoor plumbing, and no internet. Only, youre not really welcome, unless youre invited by the Robinson family, or you have government clearance. They don't know what specific problems there are at various stages where you're trying to produce the plants. Niihau, according to Hawaiian mythology, is older than Kauai because the volcano goddess Pele first settled on this island before moving down the chain of islands that ends with Hawaii. It's the life of the people and you can't take that lightly," he explained. Such rules include abstaining from alcohol and cigarettes, which are banned on Niihau. "As long as they followed the old, traditional diets, they lived a long time. A Quick Tour of the Remotest Island in the World, Let's Check in with Alaska's Strangest Town Living under One Roof, She Lives at The Last Stop to The North Pole, New York's Forgotten Outpost of European Aristocracy, A Chat with the Van Gogh of Typewriter Art. ROBINSON,BRUCE B, general partner, 1 Jul 2011 - ROBINSON,HELEN M ESTATE, general partner, 1 Jul 2013 - Bernard Shaw said that when you copy yourself, you know you've got style. In a tussle, he shot one of the inhabitants three times before being killed himself. Related To Larhonda Robinson, Doris Robinson, Dawn Robinson, Zita Robinson. If you want to get on shore, the Robinsons offer extremely guided tours and hunting safaris, ferrying curious tourists on their private helicopter from Kauai to remote parts of Niihau. We want it stopped. The Sinclairs were strict Calvinists and required the Niihauans attend church on Sundays. Bruce Robinson. For most of the states residents, thats the only way to see the island of Niihau. "When we go out and fish and hunt and give them food like that, they happy. sold the island of Niihau to the Robinsons' ancestors, the Sinclair family, Native Hawaiian language and Niihaus unique way of life, We've tried to maintain the request of the King when it was turned over, because of efforts by the islands only school, the Milwaukee Journal called Niihau a Puritan paradise,, can drop to below 30 during the summer months as people travel, day-long snorkel and dive trips to the Lehua Crater. A single family has owned the island for more than 150 years and -- even though it's only 17 miles from resort-lined Kauai -- Niihau remains surprisingly insulated from the outside world. We're forced to do things that are not culturally traditional because it's either we go in and take it for our family, or somebody else ends up with it. "We believe we can offer a better product on Niihau and allow people to visit the beaches without all this fooling around by Kauai tour boats right off shore," Keith Robinson said. Advertisement On Niihau, he told lawmakers in 2013, there's " a feeling of inner peace and renewal that we don't understand in the outside world. Resides in Draper, UT. Kauai boat tours offer day-long snorkeling and dive packages, while the Robinsons offer guided tours, hunting safaris, and helicopter trips to remote parts of the island. There are no paved roads, hospitals, police stations, grocery stores, or indoor plumbing. Bruce Antonia Robinson, 61. Residents rely on rainwater catching systems for water and a handful of solar panels for electricity, procuring their meals from the land by hunting, fishing, or farming. In a night exercise recently, one young Marine was captured by a 10-year-old Niihau girl. The island is the primary habitat and nursery for the species. Find out about director Bruce Robinson: Age, What he did before fame, his family life. The main reason for the exodus is unemployment. Incidentally, Elizabeth's daughter had married a Charles Robinson, which would eventually make them the third wave of island-dwelling Robinsons . But Peter T. Young, the former director of Hawaiis Department of Land and Natural Resources and Hawaiian historian notes that the people leave the island all the time.. Most of the Niihauans day-to-day is taken up by fishing and hunting. They can destroy crops and habitats for native species and compete with native plants and animals for resources. Just to off-set, but not anymore. In 1863, the Sinclair family came to Honolulu from New Zealand in search of land to purchase for ranching and were offered Niihau by King Kamehameha IV. We have found 171 people in the UK with the name Bruce Robinson. Independence Mission Schools. Visits, even by relatives of the then roughly 300 native Hawaiians who lived on Niihau, were with his personal permission only, and it was rarely given.
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