Names of gods are capitalized, including Allah, Vishnu, and God. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. To summarize the advice above, we suggest: However, capitalization may depend on the style guide youre using. Dont capitalize names of directions like north, south, east, and west when used to refer to direction and location, but do capitalize these words when they appear in the names of places and regions. The direction word makes it a proper noun. However, in certain pairings, the common noun appears after a name or proper noun for instance, "the Highlands Region". Here are a few sentences with the word "region" in them: If part of a title or headline, the word "region" can be capitalized to conform to title capitalization rules. What is the rule for state abbreviations? Dont capitalize the word when it precedes the states name unless its included in a states title. One reason partisans capitalize "White" or "Black" is to denote its importance in messages, even subliminally, magnified by lowercasing the "other." As always, we believe that labels can oversimplify, and that a specific description is better. It's not a continent, nor is it a country. are widely recognized as popular names and are thus capitalized. Use lower case for generic or plural references. When the word state forms the full name of a specific body, you must also capitalize it. However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. When the name of a city and state are used together, the name of the state should be abbreviated (except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah). Otherwise, the word should be lowercased, as in "the god of war.". And "north" in that sentence refers to a direction (i.e., where you turned), not the place (i.e., Bolton Avenue). You can even submit asample document for free to see how our services work. Does Counterspell prevent from any further spells being cast on a given turn? The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. At 8.47 ("Popular place names or epithets"), CMOS notes that certain other regions and epithets receive initial caps as well. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. Home-buyers pay a 1.75% fee up . The days of the week are: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. And if so, when? 5 Free French-to-English Translation Services, Broad geographical regions (e.g., the North or the Far East), People from a specific region (e.g., Northerners, Southerners), Cultures or movements related to a region (e.g., Western philosophy). The same applies for related adjectives and other compass directions: We live in the eastern part of the country. You should only capitalize "east" when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the East" or "in the Middle East". However, it is only compulsory to do so when "North" is part of a proper noun. Guidance to capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. (There is a lot of leniency on whether to capitalize "The." Few would argue that the region is called "The North" as . By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. However, as in the case of plant names, animal names are not capitalized ("I spotted a red-tailed hawk," not "I spotted a Red-Tailed Hawk"), except when an element of the name is a proper noun, as in "Steller . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Capitalize My Title makes title capitalization easy. Capitalize the first word of every sentence. The state postal codes were formalized into two character abbreviations in 1963. The periods are omitted in headlines. Here Chemistry and Spanish are the proper nouns. For example, we capitalizenorth,south,east, andwest when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. AP style is primarily for journalists and writers who want to conform to traditional journalism styles. In other words, capitalize words such as Mother, Father, Grandmother, Grandfather, Son, Daughter, and Sis when they are used in place of the persons name. To make room for the ZIP Code, state names needed to be abbreviated. However, widely known designations are capitalized: the Upper East Side, Southern California. Should southern be capitalized? When writing or proofreading manuscripts, names of regions and their capitalization rules could be tricky to discern or ascertain. I is always capitalized, along with all its contractions. Southern belle (from French belle 'beautiful') is a colloquialism for a debutante in the planter class of the Antebellum South. In short, it says to capitalize northern, southern, eastern, western and related words when they refer to the PEOPLE in a region or what they DO (i.e., their political, cultural or social activities) or are part of the place name. As a compass direction, south and southern are not capitalized: Capitalize each term when it is used as a proper name or as part of a proper name, and if the region is widely known: The Civil War pitted the South against the North. So it would be best to check your style guide if you have one and to make sure whatever you choose is used consistently. Capitalize such words as Northerner, Southerner, and Midwesterner. The word god is generally not capitalized if it is used to refer to the generic idea of a deity, nor is it capitalized when it refers to multiple gods. If youre referring to a specific location, such as the western winds, western should be lowercase. The correct answer is option C. In option A, the word Chemistry is only capitalized leaving the other proper noun in lower case. Names of people People's names are proper nouns, and therefore should be capitalized. Are seasons capitalized or not? In contrast, The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) recommends lowercasing specific U.S. geographic regions used as adjectives:3. They are written with capital letters. If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as in the South. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as go south on I-90, then you should keep south lowercase. the Southern States the Eastern Seaboard Northern Ireland the Western Hemisphere In October 1963, the Department settled on the current two-letter abbreviations. If a is used, go with prime minister.). Are coca cola and pepsi owned by the same company? The names of things are known as common nouns. Capitalize names of organizations, institutions, stores, businesses, teams, political parties, and government bodies. Be consistent (e.g., dont use south England in one part of a document and South England in another if youre referring to the same place). Others may argue that the word simply denotes the direction of the region the individual lives and must not have the capital letter. , Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence. In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. When in doubt, lowercase. Should states and territories be Capitalised? That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. Is Southern capitalized in southern states? Of all the various names or terms, direction names could be the trickiest to handle. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The English language has grammar and usage rules by the boatload. Less democratic. Terms that denote regions of the world or of a particular country are often capitalized, as are a few of the adjectives and nouns derived from such terms. Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN. North, South, East and West as Proper Nouns You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). What about capitalizing western or Westerner? The state abbreviations are always the same: two letter abbreviations with uppercase letters and no periods or spaces between them. A recognized geographical region. For example: When words such as "northern", "southern", "western", and "eastern" precede a region or place's name, do not capitalize them as they are only indicating a general location in a region. When to capitalize North East south west? Settlers moved into the West. Here are a few more examples: When the directional terms are not proper names and are affixed to proper nouns simply to denote direction, they are written in lowercase for example, "southern France", "northern New York", etc. However, if you use the word southern instead of a general location, such as the southern winds, the word should be lowercase. You should read both Western and Eastern philosophy. Our primary dictionaries, Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, Websters New World College Dictionary, and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language all capitalize U.S. geographic regions when used as adjectives or indicate that these adjectives are typically capitalized.4, Like adjectives, the decision to capitalize or lowercase geographic populations in the United States will depend on your style guide. The capitalization of as depends upon its function. Time arrow with "current position" evolving with overlay number. But southerner and northerner are capitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. West is directly opposite east. Only capitalize state when it follows the states name, such as New York State is also known as the Empire State, or when it is part of a traditional state name, such as Empire State or Lone Star State, can be capitalized. A title like this would appear as: A Guide to English: Perfecting Grammar in an Academic Paper. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. When using a U.S. geographic region as an adjective, the decision to capitalize or lowercase will depend on your style guide. Note: This post relates to content in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook. Characteristics. northern New Jersey, western Massachusetts Northern Ireland, Western Australia I often have to write north, west in reference to an entrance or exit, for example, the patron exited through the north turnstile. Do you like West Asia? Filed Under: However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. The following formal names of specific degrees should always be capitalized in AP style: As you can see, master's degrees are capitalized when abbreviated. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? The Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition (2010) has a useful and detailed discussion of this issue. When north, south, east, and west refer to generic directions (i.e., the points of the compass), they are not capitalized: The master bedroom is in the east wing of the mansion. As Sven Yargs' answer shows, there is a strong descriptivist argument involved. Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? You capitalize state only when it follows the name of the state, as in New York State is also called the Empire State, or when its part of a traditional name for a state, like Empire State or Lone Star State. When it precedes the name of the state, dont capitalize the word unless its part of a title of . In headlines, the periods are omitted. Posted by When did they standardize state abbreviations? But, generally, you only need to capitalize a direction in a place name if the direction is a standard part of the places name. However, there are a few exceptions you should learn about. That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. For example, The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends capitalization:2. Use capital letters in the following ways: The first words of a sentence When he tells a joke, he sometimes forgets the punch line. I still don't see any "descriptivist argument", much less a strong one. So, noun will be always first capital letter.
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