However, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev and Soviet Marshal Georgy Zhukov both stated that Lend-Lease enabled the Soviet Union to defeat Germany on the Eastern Front. The others were never found. The program sent nearly 2,000 locomotives and innumerable boxcars to the Soviet Union. In addition, much of the $31 billion worth of aid sent to the United Kingdom was also passed on to the Soviet Union via convoys through the Barents Sea to Murmansk. In fact our armed forces in Britain, ground as well as air, receive as reverse lend-lease, with no payment by us, one third of all the supplies and equipment they currently require, Britain furnishes 90% of their medical supplies and in spite of her food shortage, 20% of their food.[78]. In time, opinion shifted as increasing numbers of Americans began to consider the advantage of funding the British war against Germany, while staying free of the hostilities themselves. Stalin needed trucks and was provided with Studebaker trucks on a massive scale. "Western Aid for the Soviet Union During World. Under these circumstances even small quantities of aid took on far greater significance. Ordnance goods (ammunition, artillery shells, mines, assorted explosives) provided amounted to 53 percent of total domestic consumption. 1. In th. American contributions of the time were far fewer. This Douglas is the only Lend-Lease aircraft that remains in Russia.". United States and Britain, not the Soviet Union, China, or other United Nations . [11] Isolationists were strongly opposed, warning it would result in American involvement with what was considered by most Americans as an essentially European conflict. President Roosevelt signed the Lend-Lease bill into law on March 11, 1941. The 1947 money value of the supplies and services amounted to about $11 billion. On April 28th, the U.S. House of Representatives overwhelmingly passed the Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act ( S.3522 ), which has now gone to President Joe Biden's desk for signature.. Stettinius. [82] In June 1942, SSPort Nicholson was sunk en route from Halifax to New York, allegedly with Soviet platinum, gold, and diamonds aboard; the wreck was discovered in 2008. Even before the United States entered World War II in December 1941, America sent arms and equipment to the Soviet Union to help it defeat the Nazi invasion. The Soviet Union got arms, ammunition, aircraft, and industrial equipment for its army. This gold was salvaged in 1981 and 1986. The Viking Press. The British Eighth Army under Gen. Bernard Law Montgomery employed U.S. planes, guns and tanks when they whipped Rommel's Afrika Korps at El Alamein. In 1946, the post-war Anglo-American loan further indebted Britain to the U.S. Lend-Lease items retained were sold to Britain at 10% of nominal value, giving an initial loan value of 1.075billion for the Lend-Lease portion of the post-war loans. From 1941 and onwards, the RKKA used extensive numbers . The United States and the British Commonwealth provided 55. re: In hindsight was it a mistake for the US to ally with the Soviet Union during WW2. There were apparently only 263 LaGG-3s in the Soviet inventory by the time of the Moscow counteroffensive, and it was an aircraft with numerous defects. British Matilda tanks are loaded onto a ship for transportation to the U.S.S.R. as part of the Lend-Lease program. Lend Lease was pretty much strategic charity. Message to U.S. Citizens Winter Holiday Hours U.S. Mission Russia, Security Alert U.S. Mission Russia (December 14, 2020), U.S. National Security Council Coordinator for Strategic Communications John Kirbys Interview with TV Rain, Russias War Against Ukraine One Year Later, G7 Foreign Ministers Statement on the Illegal Annexation of Sovereign Ukrainian Territory, U.S. Embassy Moscow Spotlights Posters for Peace, Message to U.S. Citizens: U.S. Mission Russia Reduction of Consular Services, Security Incident at Spaso House, the U.S. Ambassadors Residence in Moscow, Ambassador Sullivans Interview with Echo Moskvy in St. Petersburg Radio, Young Actors Present a New Interpretation of An American Classic, American Choreographer Bob Boross Introduces Jazz Dance to Russian Students, Statement from the Consul General on the Suspension of Operations at U.S. Consulate General, Vladivostok, Temporary Suspension of Operations at the U.S. Consulate General in Vladivostok, Ambassador Jon Huntsman Speaks at Media Roundtable in Vladivostok, April 24, 2018, Statement from Consul General Amy Storrow U.S. Consulate General Yekaterinburg, Celebrating 295th anniversary of Yekaterinburg, World War II Allies: U.S. Lend-Lease to the Soviet Union, 1941-1945, Novaya Gazeta Europe Interview with Victoria Nuland, Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs. ), 1,911 steam locomotives, 66 diesel locomotives, 9,920 flat cars, 1,000 dump cars, 120 tank cars, and 35 heavy machinery cars. "The Museum of the Allies and Lend-Lease is a unique, one-of-a-kind museum," said Borodin. Lend-Lease aid to the USSR was nominally managed by Stettinius. Britain and the Commonwealth were carrying the battle for all civilization, and the overwhelming majority of Americans, led in the late election by their president, wished to help them. But listen, one cannot deny that the Americans shipped over to us material without which we could not have equipped our armies held in reserve or been able to continue the war.[48]. During World War II, the Soviet Union received almost 15,000 U.S.-built aircraft under the lend-lease program. The Soviet government at first offered to pay $170 million. LEND LEASE. . No one ever discussed this subject officially, and I don't think Stalin left any written evidence of his opinion, but I will state here that several times in conversations with me he noted that these were the actual circumstances. The U.S. received $2 million in reverse Lend-Lease from the USSR. US Government Printing Office. The Hurricane was rugged and tried and tested, and as useful at that point as many potentially superior Soviet designs such as the LaGG-3 and MiG-3. A particular critical aspect of Lend-Lease was the supply of food. [35] One item typical of many was a tire plant that was lifted bodily from the Ford Company's River Rouge Plant and transferred to the USSR. He never made a special point of holding a conversation on the subject, but when we were engaged in some kind of relaxed conversation, going over international questions of the past and present, and when we would return to the subject of the path we had traveled during the war, that is what he said. Roosevelt's Soviet Protocol Committee was dominated by Harry Hopkins and General John York, who were totally sympathetic to the provision of "unconditional aid". "Without Lend-Lease, the Red Army would not have had about one-third of its ammunition, half of its aircraft, or half of its tanks. The most important aspect of Lend Lease was the first few months of the war when British Aircraft and Tanks represented such a huge influx of material while the Soviets had factories still in transit etc. He suggested amending the act to allow warring nations to purchase military goods, arms and munitions if they paid cash and bore the risks of transporting the goods on non-American ships, a policy that would favor Britain and France. He stated bluntly that if the United States had not helped us, we would not have won the war. Pro lend-lease !<br><br>#<br><br>On September 2, 1945, with the signing of the act of surrender of militaristic Japan, the Second World War was completed, and on September 20, 1945, all Lend-Lease supplies to the USSR were stopped. The agreement was that all temporary construction for the use of American forces and all permanent construction required by the United States forces beyond Canadian requirements would be paid for by the United States, and that the cost of all other construction of permanent value would be met by Canada. Britain also supplied extensive material assistance to American forces stationed in Europe, for example the USAAF was supplied with hundreds of Spitfire Mk V and Mk VIII fighter aircraft. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein. The Soviets lost a substantial number of draft and farm animals as they were not able to relocate all the animals in an area before it was captured and of those areas in which the Axis forces would occupy, the Soviets had lost 7 million of out of 11.6 million horses, 17 million out of 31 million cows, 20 million of 23.6 million pigs and 27 million out of 43 million sheep and goats. The sole modern heavy bomber the USSR had was the Petlyakov Pe-8, and it only had 27 of them at the start of the war, with fewer than 100 produced until 1945. [75] Reciprocal contributions included the Austin K2/Y military ambulance, British aviation spark plugs used in B-17 Flying Fortresses,[75] Canadian-made Fairmile launches used in anti-submarine warfare, Mosquito photo-reconnaissance aircraft, and Indian petroleum products. Borodin said he wished to honor and show gratitude to the United States and its veterans who rendered aid to the Soviet Union during World War II. The country's agriculture was in a difficult situation. "In order to really assess the significance of Lend-Lease for the Soviet victory, you only have to imagine how the Soviet Union would have had to fight if there had been no Lend-Lease aid," Sokolov wrote. The Persian Corridor was the longest route, and was not fully operational until mid-1942. But Was He Drugged Into Confessing. The Soviets have long insisted that Lend-Lease aid made little difference. "One-on-one against Hitler's Germany, we would not have withstood its onslaught and would have lost the war. [55] This constituted some 23% of the total aid to the USSR during the war. ", Nikolai Ryzhkov, the last head of the government of the Soviet Union, wrote in 2015 that "it can be confidently stated that [Lend-Lease assistance] did not play a decisive role in the Great Victory.". Lend-Lease to the Soviet Union officially ended in September 1945. The railroads would have periodically come to a halt. . "I knew that its place was in a museum," Vyacheslav Filippov, a colonel in the Russian Air Force reserve who has written extensively about the Lend-Lease program's Siberian connection, told RFE/RL at the time. Yes, in 1942 Lend-Lease was of course important for Soviet Russia. 5-6. The total of defense materials and services that Canada received through lend-lease channels amounted in value to approximately $419,500,000. One of the greatest differences with prior wars was the enormous increase in the mobility of armies. In the meantime, Great Britain was running out of liquid currency and asked not to be forced to sell off British assets. How important was the US lend-lease? The first lend-lease shipments, consisting largely of food and industrial commodities, arrived in England at a time when the German submarine blockade was close to starving out the British Isles. Such machines were of higher quality than analogues produced in the Soviet Union, which made a significant contribution to boosting Soviet industrial production. The distribution of loans was 90% to the UK, 5% to Australia, 1% to New Zealand, 3% to India, and zero to Canada. This particular C-47 was sent to the Far North and spent the war conducting reconnaissance and weather-monitoring missions over the Kara Sea. I will quote at length: A total of $50.1 billion (equivalent to $719billion in 2021) worth of supplies was shipped, or 17% of the total war expenditures of the U.S.[2] In all, $31.4 billion went to the United Kingdom, $11.3 billion to the Soviet Union, $3.2 billion to France, $1.6 billion to China, and the remaining $2.6 billion to other Allies. The program started 3 months after the German invasion of USSR in June, 1941. An estimated 25 million Soviet citizens perished in the titanic conflict with Nazi Germany between June 1941 and May 1945. 28, 30, 31, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHardesty1991 (, Soviet Supply Protocols. Most famously, Soviet dictator Josef Stalin raised a toast to the Lend-Lease program at the November 1943 Tehran conference with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt. The Lend-Lease agreements with 30 countries provided for repayment not in terms of money or returned goods, but in "joint action directed towards the creation of a liberalized international economic order in the postwar world." [83] However, none of this cargo has been salvaged, and no documentation of its treasure has been produced.[84]. Lend-Lease aid did not arrive in sufficient quantities to make the difference between defeat and victory in 19411942; that achievement must be attributed solely to the Soviet people and to the iron nerve of Stalin, Zhukov, Shaposhnikov, Vasilevsky, and their subordinates. American shipments of telephone cable, aluminum, canned rations and clothing were also critical. initially requested by the Soviet Union from Britain was naval, in the. Secret Cipher Telegram. In the case of the Soviet Union, this residual civilian-type lend-lease was valued by the United States at $2.6 billion (out of total lend-lease to the Soviet Union of $10.8 billion). Roosevelt approved $1billion in Lend-Lease aid to Britain at the end of October 1941. Even before the United States entered World War II in December 1941, America sent arms and equipment to the Soviet Union to help it defeat the Nazi invasion. Particularly important for the Soviets in late 1941 were British-supplied tanks and aircraft. D.C. 4 Ottawa Protocol (July 1, 194430 June 1945). U.S. Citizens with emergencies, please call +(7) (495) 728-5577, Outside of Office Hours, contact: +7 (495) 728-5000. On May 11, 1947, 27 people were rescued, having spent nearly three weeks in the icebound wreck. Member since Oct 2007. Extrapolating from available statistics, researchers estimate that British-supplied tanks made up 30 to 40 percent of the entire heavy and medium tank strength of Soviet forces before Moscow at the beginning of December 1941, and certainly made up a significant proportion of tanks available as reinforcements at this critical point in the fighting.
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